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Paleolithic period --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Paleoecology --- Paleontology

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Environmental geology --- Geomorphology --- Biodiversity --- Animal diversity --- Geology, Stratigraphic --- Paleoecology --- Paleontology --- Marias River Valley (Mont.)

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Cet ouvrage résulte de rencontres internationales organisées à Paris les 8 et 9 Mars 2016 à l'Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art (INHA) dans le cadre des ateliers du programme européen (ERC advanced grants) RurLand, dirigé par M. Reddé, et dont l'objectif était de définir et mieux appréhender les produits et les modes d'exploitation agricoles dans le nord de la Gaule du deuxième siècle avant J.-C. à la fin de la période romaine. La démarche a consisté à croiser les données archéozoologiques et archéobotaniques disponibles pour le nord de la France, les Pays-Bas, la Suisse, l'Allemagne et le Luxembourg, à des échelles différentes : celles de sites ou d'ensembles de sites, de régions naturelles, de territoires cohérents. Cette somme constitue pour le quart nord-est de la Gaule beaucoup plus qu'un bilan factuel de la documentation disponible. C'est un premier essai d'analyse des systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux, qui tente d'évaluer leur efficacité et rentabilité. Les différentes contributions révèlent des situations contrastées d'une territoire à l'autre, mais homogènes à une échelle régionale, en dépit d'un tissu de peuplement très inégal et de modes d'exploitation très variables, au sein desquels les établissements qualifiés de villae n'occupent pas obligatoirement le premier rang.

Breeding --- Gauls --- Congresses --- Agriculture --- Archéozoologie --- Archéobotanique --- Élevage --- Paleoecology --- Agricultural ecology --- Plant remains (Archaeology) --- Animal remains (Archaeology) --- Animal feeding --- Paleoecology - Gaul - Congresses --- Agricultural ecology - Gaul - Congresses --- Plant remains (Archaeology) - Gaul - Congresses --- Animal remains (Archaeology) - Gaul - Congresses --- Animal feeding - Gaul - Congresses

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This book provides an update on the phylogeny, systematics and ecology of horses in South America based on data provided over the past three decades. The contemporary South American mammalian communities were shaped by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene. Horses were a conspicuous group of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the Pleistocene. This group is represented by 2 genera, Hippidion and Equus, which include small species (Hippidion devillei, H. saldiasi, E. andium and E. insulatus) and large forms (Equus neogeus and H. principale). Both groups arrived in South America via 2 different routes. One model designed to explain this migration indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor, while larger horses used the eastern route and arrived through some coastal areas. Molecular dating (ancient DNA) suggests that the South American horses separated from the North American taxa (caballines and the New World stilt-legged horse) after 3.6 - 3.2 Ma, consistent with the final formation of the Panamanian Isthmus. Recent studies of stable isotopes in these horses indicate an extensive range of 13C values cover closed woodlands to C4 grasslands. This plasticity agrees with the hypothesis that generalist species and open biome specialist species from North America indicate a positive migration through South America.

Horses, Fossil --- Horses --- Paleoecology --- Paleontology --- Palaeoecology --- Ice Age --- Pleistocene Epoch --- Equus caballus --- Farriery --- Hippology --- Horse --- Phylogeny. --- Dispersal --- Equidae, Fossil --- Ecology --- Paleobiology --- Domestic animals --- Equus --- Livestock --- Pachyderms --- Hinnies --- Mules --- Paleontology . --- Animal ecology. --- Paleontology. --- Biogeosciences. --- Animal Ecology. --- Animals --- Zoology --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Geobiology. --- Biology --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Phylogeny

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Antiquities, Prehistoric. --- Paleo-Indians --- Archaeological geology --- Paleoecology --- Geology, Stratigraphic --- Ice Age --- Pleistocene Epoch --- Glacial epoch --- Palaeoecology --- Ecology --- Paleobiology --- Archaeogeology --- Geoarchaeology --- Geological archaeology --- Geology --- Paleo-Americans --- Paleo-Amerinds --- Paleoamericans --- Paleoamerinds --- Paleoindians --- Stone age --- Indians --- Prehistoric peoples --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Dry Creek Site (Alaska) --- Denali Borough (Alaska) --- Alaska --- Antiquities. --- Antiquities